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Scientists Debate Whether Slime Moulds Qualify as Intelligence, Guardian

scienceSep 8, 202615233

The Guardian long read examines a heated scientific debate over whether slime moulds such as Physarum polycephalum qualify as a form of intelligence. Toshiyuki Nakagaki, who began work after finding a yellow patch as an undergraduate in Hokkaido, has published high-profile experiments since 2000 in which Physarum solved mazes and in 2010 reproduced an efficient network connecting oat flakes placed like Tokyo and its suburbs. Physarum is a visible single cell containing many nuclei, a syncytium that moves at about 1 cm an hour and extends protoplasmic tubes to sense and forage for microbes. Proponents point to apparently deliberative behaviour, efficient network building, and problem-solving without neurons, while critics warn that calling such activity intelligence raises philosophical and taxonomic risks. Researchers such as biologist Audrey Dussutour note surprising individuality in behaviour even among cloned fragments, and the debate now challenges definitions used by behavioural biologists. The dispute could reshape how scientists classify cognition across life and change how humans situate themselves within the living world.

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