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Scientists reproduce Roman colour-changing Lycurgus glass

scienceOct 25, 20261131

Scientists at the University of Sheffield reproduced the Lycurgus Cup’s colour-changing effect by embedding gold and silver nanoparticles into molten glass, replicating the fourth-century Roman cup that sits in the British Museum. Dr Lisa Hollands and Prof Caroline Jackson used an ancient recipe derived from a fragment of the original, forming a thick molten glass that cooled from well over 1,000C so gold and silver nanocrystals grew around particles in the matrix. The cup appears jade green under reflected light and ruby red when lit from behind because the nanoparticles block blue and green wavelengths in transmission while scattering light in reflection. The original bears a deep-relief mythological frieze of Lycurgus and Dionysus and was named one of the seven glass wonders of the world in 2022. Sheffield commissioned glass artist Elliot Walker to create a contemporary sculpture inspired by the cup; it will debut at the Millennium Gallery during the university’s Festival of the Mind from 6 to 15 November and then go on permanent display at the Turner Museum of Glass. Ian Freestone, emeritus professor at University College London, said this replication is closer to the Lycurgus Cup’s exact red and green shades than a 1960s attempt and helps explain how Roman craftsmen achieved those colours.

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