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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded for optogenetics

scienceOct 5, 2026851,899

The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for discoveries relating to light-gated ion channels and the development of optogenetics. The trio, one American and two Germans, helped create tools that let researchers activate or silence neurons with light, enabling direct tests of how specific neural circuits drive behavior and disease. The underpinning biochemistry traces to light-sensitive proteins such as channelrhodopsin from algae, which Hegemann and Nagel characterized and which Deisseroth and colleagues adapted to control neurons. Optogenetics has clarified nerve circuits across many labs and has been used in experiments that include restoring some vision in a blind patient. Nobel announcements and scientific commentators highlighted optogenetics as a transformative technique for mapping and manipulating brain activity. The prize recognizes both the basic discovery of light-gated ion channels and the methodological breakthrough that made circuit-level neuroscience experimentally tractable worldwide.

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