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Was Pluto’s 2006 demotion a mistake?

scienceAug 31, 202618185

In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union voted to reclassify Pluto from a major planet to dwarf planet status, cutting the solar system’s official planet count from nine to eight. Critics including Philip Metzger of the University of Central Florida call the IAU definition unusable, particularly the third criterion that a planet must have "cleared its neighbourhood," which excludes Pluto because it shares the Kuiper Belt with many similar bodies. The IAU rule was prompted by the discovery of Eris, a Kuiper Belt object comparable to Pluto in size and mass, and by subsequent finds such as Haumea, Makemake and Sedna that raised the prospect of hundreds more planet-sized objects. Pluto’s defenders, ranging from amateur campaigners like Laurel Kornfeld to figures such as Lowell Observatory historian Kevin Schindler, have mounted petitions, protests and advocacy that the Guardian says are growing more passionate and remain concentrated mainly in the United States. The debate has taken a populist turn after NASA administrator Jared Isaacman told Congress in April he favors restoring Pluto’s planetary status. The dispute persists because reinstating Pluto would force a choice: expand the planet category to include many Kuiper Belt objects or revise the IAU criteria again, a decision that continues to polarize scientists and the public.

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