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Experts warn climate crisis may destabilise mountain glaciers

scienceAug 28, 202617376

Satellite imagery indicates a glacier collapse high on Langtang Lirung in the Himalayas triggered the deadly flash flood that tore along the Bhotekoshi River, sweeping away buildings and roads and leaving at least 360 dead and 1,400 missing. The US Geological Survey said analysis of long-period seismic waves shows the seismic energy was generated by a glacial collapse and debris flow rather than an earthquake; the impact on the north slope registered about magnitude 5.2. The ice-rock avalanche pushed boulders and debris into the Lhende Khola River and raised downstream water levels by between 7 and 9 metres within 30 minutes, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development reported. Scientists note the detachment occurred amid unusually high temperatures two days earlier, with ground sensors about 10 kilometres away recording their highest readings in two years, which glaciologist Dr Hamish Pritchard said would have weakened snowpack, filled crevasses with water and thawed bonds between ice and rock. Researchers point to a run of intense heatwaves and monsoon saturation this year and to longer-term trends: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned in 2023 that warming will multiply hazards from glaciers and permafrost. Those conditions mean glaciers and formerly frozen ground are becoming more vulnerable, increasing the likelihood of floods, landslides and avalanches in mountain regions and underscoring calls for expanded monitoring and early warning systems for downstream communities.

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